Epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung cancer in Down syndrome: a case presentation and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Solid tumors have a markedly decreased incidence in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), including lung cancers. METHODS The clinical presentation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in DS was reported and literature on the subject reviewed. RESULTS In individuals with DS, the risk of lung cancer appears markedly lower. EGFR mutation and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) resistance also exist in DS with lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider EGFR mutation and EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer patients with DS.